Differences between Administration and Management

The two terms, administration and management are somewhat related because the two of them connote the leadership of a firm, organisation or government, but there is actually a great degree of differences between the two. Nwankwo (1987) defined administration as the careful and systematic arrangement and use of resources, situations and opportunities for the achievement of the specific objectives of a given organisation. Management on the other hand is the process of directing and managing these resources, situations and opportunities to make sure that the objectives set at the administrative level are achieved. From the above definitions, it can be assumed that, hierarchically, administration is above management. 

Administration is the science of determining the policies and objectives of an organization or a firm, where as management is the act of putting into practice the policies and objectives framed by the administration.

Also, administration determines the kind of goods or services that an organisation renders. Hence administration is a determinative function whereas management is executive function.  It is executive in the sense that it executes the objectives and policies that are already framed by the administration. 

Top level activity controls an administration where as middle level activity controls a management.  Administration comprises of top level personnel that have contributed to the capital, that are partners of the firm or the organization.  Management comprises of a group of skilled individuals that exhibit their skill in putting into practice the objectives of the organization.  In short it can be said that the management is directly under the control of administration or the administration controls the management.

Another distinction between administration and management that is noteworthy is that administrative handles the most vital aspect of an organization, namely, finance.  Administration organizes resources so as to use them to fulfill their mission.  Management does not handle the sensitive issue of finance but handles the method of operation to carry out the strategy of the administration.

Administration takes vital decisions of an organization whereas management is not authorized to take vital decisions of an organization but can take decisions within a certain framework, by the approval of the administration. For example, in an academic institution, the management in persons of the principal, vice principals, HODs and bursar may not be able to make decisions regarding the name of the school and colour of the uniform because these are decisions that are usually made by the school proprietor who is the administrator. However, they can make decisions on timetable and subject allocation. Sensitive decisions are made by the administration while less sensitive decisions are made by the management. 

Differences between Administration and Management

ADMIN: Administration, in most cases, represents the owners of the organization.

MGT: Management is usually a group of persons who are employees of the organization.

ADMIN: Administration takes all the important decisions of the organization.

MGT: Management makes decisions under the boundaries set by the administration.

ADMIN: Functions of administration include legislation and determination.

MGT: Functions of management are executive and  supervisory

ADMIN: Administration is mostly found in non-profit making enterprises such as government and military offices, religious organizations etc.

MGT: Management can be seen in the profit making organisations like private schools and other business enterprises. 

Where there are both administration and management, management becomes a subordinate to administration. 

ADMIN: Hierarchically, administration is above management. 

MGT: Hierarchically, management is below administration.  Management is a subset of administration. 

ADMIN: Administration is the determines the policies and objectives of an organization or a firm. 

MGT: Management puts into practice the policies and objectives framed by the administration.

ADMIN : Administration focuses on making the best possible utilization of the organization’s resources.

MGT: Management focuses on guiding and supervising people and their work. 

ADMIN: Administration is considered to be only high-level activity.

MGT: Management is an important activity of any business and operates even at a functional level.

ADMIN: Authority: Top level

MGT: Authority: mid or low level

ADMIN: Policies formulation 

MGT: Policies implementation 

When Will My Baby Begin to Crawl?

As a mother, it is normal to be anxious about the development of your baby. Most babies begin to crawl between the ages of 6 and 10 months. However, every baby is different and some may start crawling earlier or later than this range. It's important to remember that crawling is not a developmental milestone that all babies reach, as some may skip crawling altogether and move straight to walking or other forms of mobility.

 

It's also worth noting that there are different types of crawling, such as the traditional hands-and-knees crawl, the army crawl (where the baby drags their body along the ground), and the bottom scoot (where the baby sits and uses their legs to move forward). Some babies may also skip crawling and move straight to pulling themselves up and standing, or walking with support.

If you're concerned about your baby's development, it's always a good idea to talk to your pediatrician. They can help assess your baby's progress and offer advice on ways to encourage and support their development.

HOW TO WRITE APPLICATION (LETTER) WITH SAMPLES

The application letter is a formal letter written by a job applicant to express their interest in a particular job position. In this example, the applicant is applying for a position in a company that promotes sustainable practices.

The letter starts with a brief introduction of the applicant and their interest in the job. The applicant mentions their passion for reconnecting with the land and promoting sustainability, which shows their alignment with the company's mission.

The second paragraph highlights the applicant's educational background and skills. The applicant has recently graduated with a degree in Environmental Science and has gained knowledge and skills related to preserving and protecting natural resources. They also mention their research, analytical, and communication skills, which are essential for the job.

In the third paragraph, the applicant shares their previous work experience as a Sustainability Intern and how it has prepared them for the job. They have worked on various sustainability projects and organized community events to educate individuals on sustainable practices. This experience has given them a solid foundation in sustainability practices and project management.

The letter ends with a statement expressing the applicant's excitement about joining the company and contributing to their mission. They thank the hiring manager for considering their application and express their willingness to discuss their qualifications further.

Overall, the application letter is well-structured and highlights the applicant's relevant skills and experience. It shows that they have done their research on the company and are genuinely interested in the job.

BELOW IS A SAMPLE OF AN APPLICATION 

Dear [Hiring Manager],

I am writing to express my interest in the position of [Position] at [Company]. I was thrilled to come across this opportunity as I have always been passionate about reconnecting with the land and promoting sustainability.

As a recent graduate with a degree in Environmental Science, I have gained a deep understanding of the importance of preserving and protecting our natural resources. Through my coursework, internships, and volunteer experiences, I have developed strong research, analytical, and communication skills. I am confident that these skills will enable me to excel in this role.

In my previous position as a Sustainability Intern at [Organization], I had the opportunity to work on various sustainability projects, including waste reduction and energy efficiency initiatives. I also assisted in organizing community events focused on educating individuals on sustainable practices. These experiences have given me a solid foundation in sustainability practices and project management.

I am excited about the prospect of joining your team and contributing to your mission of promoting sustainable practices. Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss my qualifications further.

Sincerely,

[Your Name]